di Davide De Lungo

SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione. – 2. Due premesse di metodo e una di merito. – 3. Aspetti controversi e possibili correttivi. – 3.1. Il problema del “riconoscimento” dei casi di attivazione della clausola di supre-mazia. – 3.2. Il problema della retroversione delle competenze dallo Stato alle Regioni. – 3.3. Il problema dello strumento di attivazione della clausola di supremazia: emendamenti, leggi delega, decreti legislativi, decreti-legge. – 3.4. Il problema dei limiti “quantitativi” o “di profondità” dell’intervento statale. – 3.5. Il problema del “triangolo”: la possibile convivenza della clausola di supremazia con la chiamata in sussidiarietà e il potere sostitutivo. – 3.6. Il problema della “definitività” delle posizioni espresse in Conferenza: l’assenso prestato come fattore preclusivo del ricorso in via principale e del conflitto intersoggettivo.

In this contribution, far from aiming at a reconstruction or a systematic treatment of subjects al-ready subject to extensive scientific analysis, we will limit ourselves to carrying out some specific considerations relating to specific problems and concrete questions posed by the new reform project regarding the constitutionalization of the system of conferences and supremacy clause.

di Maria Francesca De Tullio

SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione. – 2. La tutela costituzionale della cultura nelle fonti di diritto interno. – 2.1. L’oggetto e il contenuto della tutela. – 2.2. Il soggetto autore della tutela. – 3. Il diritto sociale cultura nelle fonti dell’Unione Europea. – 3.1. Fonti dell’Unione Europea e diritto interno. – 3.2. Fonti dell’Unione Europea e diritti sociali. – 3.3. Cultura nelle fonti dell’UE, partecipazione e inclusione. – 4. Ripensare i programmi europei per l’inclusione. – 5. Conclusioni.

The research explores how culture can be safeguarded and promoted as a social right, in a context of economic crisis. Since 2008, and even more with the Covid-19 crisis, austerity measures have negatively affected culture, among other social rights. European Union has a supporting competence on the sector and engages in meaningful funding programs. Though, the relevant budget appears to be insufficient to ensure the sustainability of cultural work. This unveils a policy approach that tends to favour culture as an instrument and completion for economic development, rather than as an intrinsic value. In this field, the paper analyses the impact of European Union normative acts at local level, both as supporting tools, and as a new legal system, bringing different values in the internal one. In particular, the aim is to draw recommendations to both levels – the EU and local one – to make both decision-making and funding programs more accessible, following the values of inclusion and social cohesion.

di Stefano Saluzzo

SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione. – 2. La sentenza della Corte Suprema del Regno Unito sul caso Micula. – 3. L’art. 351 TFUE e la sua inapplicabilità ai rapporti intra-UE. – 4. Trattati multilaterali e obblighi erga omnes partes. – 5. Obblighi erga omnes partes e art. 351 TFUE. – 6. La portata dell’art. 351 TFUE secondo la Corte Suprema del Regno Unito. – 7. L’identificazione di obblighi erga omnes partes nell’ambito della Convenzione ICSID: riconoscimento ed esecuzione dei lodi internazionali. – 8. Osservazioni conclusive.

Recent developments in the relationship between international law and EU law have raised numerous questions regarding normative clashes between the two legal orders. In the Micula v. Romania case, the UK Supreme Court was asked to rule on the conflict between EU law and international obligations deriving from the ICSID Convention. The case regarded the enforcement of an arbitral award again Romania before the UK national judge which, according to the European Commission, would be incompatible with State aid rules. In its decision, the UK Supreme Court has stated that, notwithstanding the obligations deriving from EU law, the UK was required to abide by the duty to enforce the award on the basis of the ICSID Convention. According to the Court, international obligations of Member States pre-dating accession to the EU should prevail over EU law when they are owed not simply to other EU Member States, but to the entirety of States parties to a multilateral treaty (including third countries). In other terms, EU law should not take precedence over erga omnes partes obligations. The present articles aims at analyzing such conclusions from the perspective of both international and EU law. It examines the debate regarding the inapplicability of art. 351 TFEU (the so called subordination clause) to intra-EU obligations in light of the CJEU case-law, in order to understand the extent to which this construction might be upheld when the international obligations at stake are of a collective nature. In the final part, the article attempts to identify the consequences of the UK Supreme Court’s decision for future disputes on conflicts between EU law and international collective obligations. 

di Caterina Silvestri

SOMMARIO: 1. L’elaborazione della legge di programmazione delle riforme. Sintesi ed equilibrio delle fonti tradizionali e dei «formanti». - 2. La misura simbolo della riforma: l’istituzione del tribunal judiciaire e dei poli specializzati. - 3. Il ruolo del Conseil constitutionnel nella fisionomia della legge. - 4. Il ruolo dei rapport, «cantieri» della giustizia. - 5. Le aree d’intervento legislativo. Prima area: revisione dell’architettura della prima istanza. - 6. Seconda area: ripensamento dei diritti e dei doveri del giudice e delle parti. - 7. Terza area: assicurazione della qualità ed efficacia della decisione. L’ipotesi del binding precedent. - 8. La recezione delle istanze e la riforma della procedura civile.

Recent reforms of the judicial system are reshaping French civil justice. The article highlights how the loi de programmation examined is the result of a process in which traditional sources, law and the decisions of the Conseil constitutionnel, contribute to the development of the system in cooperation, balance and synthesis with other forces of a lesser degree, such as the «rapport», in which case law, scholarship and practice converge.